I'm guessing you're crashing to the desktop and not completely blue screening. By any chance does your error look similar to the image in this LINK?
Have you tried to re-install Arma 3? (After backing up your Arma directory of course.)
TL;DR
Uninstall the game.
Make a backup of Arma 3 folder in Documents.
Delete both Arma 3 folders in Documents and Steam:
\Users\*YOUR USERNAME*\Documents\Arma 3
\Program Files (x86)\Steam\SteamApps\common\Arma 3
Reboot your PC.
Run Steam as Admin, download the game.
Try to run Arma 3 (without mods).
Hope that helps you out.